History | While the market introduction plans for the Mustang in the U.S. were underconsideration, Ford already intended to export the new Pony car to Europe, especially whenthinking of the potential customers among the US forces staff there. The market volume was recognised by Ford: Statistics shows us that in 1965132.000 cars were registered for US army staff members in Germany only. The design studies of theMustang were very well accepted in Europe, too. One of the first convertibles with ascheduled build code of 05C (5th. March) was sold to an Englishman on the 8th.of April already. But in Germany the main interest of Ford went to the USforces staff. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SecretMission | Unfortunately Ford had some initial problems in marketing the Mustang inGermany. Kreidler, a German manufacturer of small motor bikes, owned the Mustang name rights, too. The small motorbike for young beginners was developped as a derivative of the Kreidler Florettand appeared in special off-road design with an upwards curved exhaust, higher levelledsteering, driver only seat and higher front wheel cover. The name rights applied until 31.12.1978, so all Ford Mustang I and Mustang II versions andeven early 79 models (built until Dec. 78) exported to Germany had to be sold under thename T-5. "T-5" - as you might remember - was the initial project name of Ford for theMustang. T-5s received a special handling within Ford and are rare finds as of today, though their value has only increased for the early 65/66 ones compared to the "normal" Mustang. The two companies Krupp and Kreidler were cooperative at the starting point.The 2 German companies initially asked for a fee of 10.000 $ for the name rights, but Fordrejected to pay this amount. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Two types of T-5s have proved to be authentic according to original and present owners.Military staff stationed in Germany could order their T-5 through the military PX-system. German citizens ordering a T-5 received more consistent converted cars. The - let's call-it - U.S. staff T-5 types were equipped with a mp/h speedometer,german civilians received a km/h-speedometer built in their car with specific part nos. Looking at the variety of km/hspeedometers a 200km/h range is typical for 64 1/2 to 68, however a 220km/h range was usedfor Shelby cars of all years as well as 71 to 73 T-5s. 1974 to 1979 models received typically a180km/h speedometer (or 200km/h) due to the reduced power from 1973 on. For details ontachs see the linked parts list. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The T-5 name usage for the Mustang applied only for Germany at that time, not other european countries,however there are some reported inconsistencies: A 70 T5 (from Rod Hetzel,Texas) was delivered with T-5 ID plates listed on the originalinvoice to Luxembourg. It is assumed that sometimes T-5 have been ordered by the overseasdistribution center of Ford in Cologne (Germany) but finally upon order were delivered toneighbouring countries. So far all known T-5s have only been built at the Dearborn and Metuchen factories. As all late 1965 and later Dearborn and Metuchen built cars usually have a body buck tagon the inner right or left fender or beside the cowl under the right fender on 71-73Dearborn Mustangs, the buck tag is one of the best items to start identification of a realT-5, however also here inconsistencies have been found. 64 1/2 through 66 T5s are tagged with an X (for export) only on the body tag, 68 T5shave a tag with "X W. GERMNY T5", on 70s to 74s a "T5" or also a"X T5 W Germny" was found on their ID tags or buck tag. In one case a 70 hasbeen confirmed with only a 95 on the buck tag to be a T5 through its history. Here is a window sticker of Steve Welch 1965 T-5 Fastback | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DSO-Codes(Domestic or District Sales Order) | Usually DSOs of 90 to 95 can be accepted for T-5s, with only one 96 beeing reported of a70 T-5. 99 has been found in most cases on New Zealand cars. Note that 90 to 98 DSO havebeen reported also of other countries throughout the world, so it is no clearidentification for T-5s, only for export cars. It's obvious from the T-5 registry that DSOs for export cars changed upward almostevery 2-3 months, especially for 90-94. DSO 95 was used for the last monthes of the year,which means for the new model. However there are also some inconsistencies in this matter. Kevin Marti expressed his opinion on our research that the DSO are not country-related, but sales volume oriented. Means a country could obtain a higher DSO between 90 and 99, if the volume grew over the year. A very logical explanation. Looking at the actual Ford files from 1967 onward revealed that the total number of a DSO like e.g. 94 has no relation to the T-5s exported. T-5s from 1967 onwards can be very clearly identified from the Ford database, so it becomes apparent that the DSO is not related to one country only. Which will tell other registrys also that with a DSO code only, you cannot relate to a specific country.Since a few years (as of 2019) there is a larger Export registry growing taken care of in France, if you are looking for other export cars than german, they may have more explanations on certain specials. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literature(Owners manuals)![]() 1966 ![]() 1971 | Early T-5s for US forces members received an english owners manual with a stamp on itthat was "In consideration of trademark rights - T5" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of most of the early years both english and German language specialT-5 brochures havebeen found, another indication that two target groups (military staff & Germanspeeking citizens) were approached. This sales material however leads in some cases todiscrepancies, as the pictures and the text often vary obiously from the verified realT-5options. One example is the T-5 badging on the photos.
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Conversions| | The necessary conversion caused many headaches to the tooling companies and suppliersof Ford. European roads were said to be a little bit harsher - that's why at least for the 65/66T-5s the suspension received special attention as well as the cooling. The German motor vehicle regulations also requested some conversions to be done. Thesingle conversion items are explained later in detail. While in 1964 the T-5 conversion items (later called T-5 package) were simply put into the trunk to be installed by thedealer, from 1965 this procedure was no longer accepted by the German authorities andconversions had to be done on the assembly line. That explains why mostly T-5swere produced in a batch, still there might be exemptions in case of special orurgent orders. Ford Overseas department also provided conversion instructions for the dealersfor getting road approval, not to mix up with the T-5 package ex-factory. This instruction paper includes detailed drawings and descriptions of lighting equipment, parking brake system alterations etc. to meet the restrictive german road approval regulations. We do have a copy of the 1970 version, unfortunately not yet from the other models. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deleted"Mustang" name and T 5-emblems (medallion)
| The Mustang name elimination, which included for example different gas caps and wheelcovers on early T5s was a real task for both the tool suppliers and Ford itself. Fenderholes had to be punched on all models in another way and steering caps had to be altered.A 64 1/2 T 5 e.g. was found with a flexed steering wheel cap. The Mustang wording has justbeen scratched away, a consequence of the dealer instruction, which somebody followed inan unusual way. Still there is some discussion ongoing about the early T-5 emblems: The reason might be thatFord did not have ready to go T-5-emblems, when the production began. The metal T-5 sign also carries a C5 engineering no., strengthening the above mentioned theory. From 1967 on through to early 1979 another fender emblem was used, which had a similarshape like the 66 GT badge. Of this badge there are 2 versions known - as we heard - from 2 different suppliers, the later one has some slight differences in the crown and the exact location of the mounting pins, so both are not really interchangeable.. On 68 T5s also the rear decklids were delivered without the Mustang lettering, and both67s and 68s had a rectangular passenger dash emblem instead of the word Mustang. 1969 and 70 T-5s have the Ford letters above the T5 emblem. The 71-73 also had a special T-5 (written as T-Five) dash emblem depending on console equipment, but only a T-5 emblem on thefenders without Ford letters. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German motorvehicle regulations resulted in a broad range of different T 5 equipment | Usually a locking system attached to the steering column had to be installed. Evidencefor this special dealer installed device had been found on some 1966 and 67 T5s so far. Alsoit is pictured and described in the German edition of the owner manual of a 1965. Some of the other necessary changes referred to the headlights. As the"sealed-beam" U.S. headlight type was and still is not allowed by German motorvehicle regulations, the headlight configuration had to be completely exchanged. TheGerman headlight set-up included new bulbs and rubber caps and for some model years alsonew ring retainers. All of the real T-5s should have changed headlights (from 1970 H4-lightwas used) and amber outside turn indicator lamps, because amber bulbs with white lenses -as used on some of the 67/68 Mustangs - were not allowed in those years. In addition the wiringfor the turn lamps had to be altered, because the parking lamp function was not acceptedwithin the turn indicator lamp. From 1970 on the turn indicating light also had to be separated from the braking light and fused separatedly as well. For the necessary emergency flasher set up, different solutions have been found. Whilesome early T5s received a complete new flasher set-up with a special add-on package(typically from BOSCH). Later T-5s used the factory installed steering column switch,however sometimes different red control lenses at the dash cluster had to be retrofitted,because at some places the motor vehicle inspection authorities required this. The Germanregulations requested a big red emergency flasher control lens to be installed. On earliertypes this light was included most often in the switch, which was mounted in most cases onthe left lower dash part. The U.S. type of the rear single-bulb housing with integrated bi(tri)-function forstop-(driving)light and turn light was usually not allowed on German and maybe otherEuropean roads. Specifically the shut-off of the stop-light during cornering has beencritical for the approval engineers, although we must admit today that everything dependedupon the relationship between the dealer and the authorities, so only few T 5s have beenfound with these alterations. In order to meet the requirement the housing was in somecases bored and a bracket made for a second bulb. In other cases the same Ford bulb holderas original used had been used, if available. In that case only a hole had to be bored thesame size as the original besides it. These alterations are more often reported of laterT 5s than of the early 64 1/2 to 66 T 5s. Different solutions have been found for the later side marker lamp. While the officialFord instructions (e.g. for 70 T-5) requested to paint the side marker lamps as well as thesports lamps on 71-73s black and dismount the bulbs, some cars could pass despite thisregulations with their regular side illumination. 1971 and 1972 T-5s have some welded on metal stiffeners in the rear axle bump area. Some of the a.m. changes were also required for self-imported cars, so realT-5s alsoneed the badging or buck tag mark. In connection with the right DSO 90-95(96) and othermarks it is part of the identification. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rare alterations | Some early T-5s had towing brackets fixed to the front frame rails on both sides. Thetowing brackets are usually also demanded by the German regulations, however have not beenfound on all T-5s. Although especially later T-5 literature stated disc brakes as a standard equipment,many T-5s have been reported with drum brakes, especially those from U.S. staff. Autobahn flasher set ups have been found on some European cars, but were not typicalfor T-5s. The tilt-steering wheel option is reported to be a no-go for T- 5s during thatdays, however speed control equipment has been found on some T-5s, although sometimesaltered to a flasher-set-up. In the past 5 years we also found a prooven T-5 with the tilt-steering wheel listed on the Marti report, so consistency of rules was not Ford strength in those years. Smog equipment is a good question. We have not found any T-5 with original smogequipment so far. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exactnumber of T-5s (for '67-73 unearthed (April 99, reported by GaryHanson) | Thanks to Kevin Marti from Marti Auto Works we finally got a more detailedpicture of the T 5 numbers produced in 1967-1973. Kevin has bought from Ford Motor Companytheir computerized production datas and due to a good connection with Gary Hanson and ourclub offered the relevant information free of charge.. As 65/66-datas were definitely lost by Ford, we still have the numbersonly for the period from 67-73.
Gary Hanson, the T-5-registry founder and owner in the US, estimated for decades that about 500T-5s havebeen exported in 65 and again in 66. The magazine Hobby stated in its October 66 issue that from the sales start in 64 up toApril 66 2500 Mustangs had been sold to Germans and 1000 to swiss people, but this mighthave been also a Ford promotion figure to hide correct sales figures, which were notreally good. Following are the official figures for Ford US cars registrated in Germany. Be awarethat they do not contain the US army staff owned Fords.
Today about 350 (55 in Germany) are still on the roads. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
68 Dash emblem | link to parts list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Questions or Registering | Mail to T-5 registrar Wolfgang Kohrn If you do or did not get an answer from the former T-5 registry website...check back with us here. I'll continue the T-5 registry for Europe (which I do since 1993) and will be happy to include US based T-5s as well. |
First Mustang Club Of Germany (2024)
References
- https://www.auto-swiat.pl/testy/testy-nowych-samochodow/nowy-ford-mustang-50-v8-gt-i-dark-horse-test-pierwsza-jazda-i-to-jest-prawdziwy/ehqnnmm
- http://www.ponysite.de/fmcog/t5/t5-2.htm
- https://www.se.pl/auto/testy/test-opinia-ford-mustang-fastback-gt-5-0-v8-8at-v8-najtansze-450-koni-na-rynku-aa-KzfP-xoET-3aBF.html
- https://moto.infor.pl/testy-aut/nowe/746031,Test-Ford-Mustang-GT-50-421-KM-sportowiec-najwyzszej-proby.html
- https://mustangmaniac.org/history-of-the-ford-t5-mustang/
- http://www.pro-forceperformance.com/t-5_history.htm
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